If you take a look in logs of the edgeAgent of Azure IoTEdge you might be suprised with following error:
System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Put token failed. status-code: 401, status-description: The specified SAS token is expired.) (Put token failed. status-code: 401, status-description: The specified SAS token is expired.) ---> Microsoft.Azure.Devices.Client.Exceptions.UnauthorizedException: Put token failed. status-code: 401, status-description: The specified SAS token is expired.
The issue here is time synchronization between docker and host (in my case Windows 10). To solve it, restart docker host.